USS Nautilus The First Nuclear Submarine

USS Nautilus (SSN-571) was the worlds first nuclear-powered submarine and entered service in 1954. Named for the fictional submarine in Jules Vernes classic Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea as well as several previous US Navy vessels, Nautilus broke new ground in submarine design and propulsion. Capable of previously unheard of submerged speeds and duration, it quickly shattered several performance records. Due to its enhanced capabilities over its diesel-powered predecessors, Nautilus famously traveled to several locales, such as the North Pole, that had not been previously accessible by ship. Additionally, during a 24-year career, it served as a test platform for future submarine designs and technologies.   Design In July 1951, after several years of experiments with marine applications for nuclear power, Congress authorized the US Navy to build a nuclear-powered submarine. This type of propulsion was highly desirable as a nuclear reactor makes no emissions and does not require air. Design and construction of the new vessel were personally overseen by the Father of the Nuclear Navy, Admiral Hyman G. Rickover. The new ship featured a variety of improvements that had been incorporated into earlier classes of American submarines through the  Greater Underwater Propulsion Power Program. Including six torpedo tubes, Rickovers new design was to be powered by the SW2 reactor which had been developed for submarine use by Westinghouse. Construction Designated USS Nautilus on December 12, 1951, the ships keel was laid at Electric Boats shipyard at Groton, CT on June 14, 1952. On January 21, 1954, Nautilus was christened by First Lady Mamie Eisenhower and launched into the Thames River. The sixth US Navy vessel to carry the name Nautilus, the vessels predecessors included a schooner captained by Oliver Hazard Perry during the Derna Campaign and a World War II submarine. The vessels name also referenced Captain Nemos famed submarine from Jules Vernes classic novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. USS Nautilus (SSN-571): Overview Nation: United StatesType: SubmarineShipyard: General Dynamics Electric Boat DivisionLaid Down: June 14, 1952Launched: January 21, 1954Commissioned: September 30, 1954Fate: Museum ship at Groton, CT General Characteristics Displacement: 3,533 tons (surface); 4,092 tons (submerged)Length: 323 ft., 9 in.Beam: 27 ft., 8 in.Draft: 22 ft.Propulsion: Westinghouse S2W naval reactorSpeed: 22 knots (surface), 20 knots (submerged)Complement: 13 officer, 92 menArmament: 6 torpedo tubes Early Career Commissioned on September 30, 1954, with Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson in command, Nautilus remained dockside for the remainder of the year conducting testing and completing fitting out. At 11:00 AM on January 17, 1955, Nautilus dock lines were released and the vessel departed Groton. Putting to sea, Nautilus historically signaled Underway on nuclear power. In May, the submarine headed south on sea trials. Sailing from New London to Puerto Rico, the 1,300-mile transit was the longest ever by a submerged submarine and achieved the highest sustained submerged speed. Over the next two years, Nautilus conducted various experiments involving submerged speeds and endurance, many of which showed the anti-submarine equipment of the day to be obsolete as it could not combat a submarine capable of rapid speeds and depth changes as well as one that could remain submerged for extended periods. After a cruise under the polar ice, the submarine participated in NATO exercises and visited various European ports. To the North Pole In April 1958, Nautilus sailed for the West Coast to prepare for a voyage to the North Pole. Skippered by Commander William R. Anderson, the submarines mission was sanctioned by President Dwight D. Eisenhower who wished to build credibility for the submarine-launched ballistic missile systems that were then under development. Departing Seattle on June 9, Nautilus was forced to abort the trip ten days later when deep draft ice was found in the shallow waters of the Bering Strait. After sailing to Pearl Harbor to await better ice conditions, Nautilus returned to the Bering Sea on August 1. Submerging, the ship became the first vessel to reach the North Pole on August 3. Navigation in the extreme latitudes was facilitated by the use of the North American Aviation N6A-1 Inertial Navigation System. Continuing on, Nautilus completed its transit of the Arctic by surfacing in the Atlantic, northeast of Greenland, 96 hours later. Sailing to Portland, England, Nautilus was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation, becoming the first ship to receive the award in peacetime. After returning home for an overhaul, the submarine joined the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean in 1960. Later Career Having pioneered the use of nuclear power at sea, Nautilus was joined by the US Navys first nuclear surface ships USS Enterprise (CVN-65) and USS Long Beach (CGN-9) in 1961. Over the remainder of its career, Nautilus participated in a variety of exercises and testing, as well as saw regular deployments to the Mediterranean, West Indies, and the Atlantic. In 1979, the submarine sailed to Mare Island Navy Yard in California for inactivation procedures. On March 3, 1980, Nautilus was decommissioned. Two years later, in recognition of the submarines unique place in history, it was designated a National Historic Landmark. With this status in place, Nautilus was converted to a museum ship and returned to Groton. It is now part of the US Sub Force Museum.

Cancer An Uncontrollable Division Of Cells - 1467 Words

INTRODUCTION TO CANCER What is Cancer? Cancer is described as an uncontrollable division of cells. According to the National Cancer Institute, cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, with an estimated 595,690 deaths and 1,685,210 new cases in 2016 alone (NIH 2015). Cancer can develop from almost every organ of the body, with the most common organs affected being the breasts, lungs, prostate, colon, and bladder (NIH 2015). As the disease progresses, it may become metastatic, where the cancer cells migrate from their point of origin to other parts of the body. Cancer can spread in three ways: through tissue, through the lymph system, and through the blood (NIH 2015). When cancer progresses to a metastatic state, it is†¦show more content†¦While the overall cancer death rate has declined, the war continues today as we are still plagued with the complicated disease, cancer. Hallmarks of Cancer (Hanahan and Weinberg 2011) During tumor development and progression, cells develop/acquire six hallmark capabilities as they transform from normal cells to neoplastic tumor cells. These hallmarks are developed at various times throughout cancer cell progression are thought to promote the growth and metastasis of tumors. These hallmark qualities, as outlined by Hanahan and Weinberg, are thought to be fostered by underlying genomic instability, referring to mutations in the genome, and inflammation, usually brought on by the immune system. The six hallmark capabilities include: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. 1. Proliferative Signaling Cell growth and division is controlled by the production and release of growth promoting signals. 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Lewiss Next Free Essays

The power of the internet has catapulted the information boom among different societies since its emancipation. Its capabilities and power has shifted the realm of information access and potentials not only to several professionals but also to ordinary individuals. With this, such power has been affecting different practices and ideas that are often emanate direct and/or indirect outcomes. We will write a custom essay sample on Lewiss Next or any similar topic only for you Order Now As information becomes more and more open to the public, the The book of Lewiss entitled ‘Next’ seeks to cater the unexpected occurrences and events that the Internet boom has created in societies. Such idea can be associated and compared to the story of the â€Å"Emperor’s New Clothes†. With such book and Han’s Christian Anderson’s short story, several overlapping ideas can be observed and seen. One is that there are instances of the relevant and current situations that are taken advantage by people due to society’s tolerance to such actions. (Yourdon, p.1) argues that â€Å"Lewis is obviously aware of the collapse of the dot-com stock market, and the backlash caused by that collapse; indeed, he argues that many of us have become so jaded and cynical that we’re missing the deeper and long-lasting impact of the Internet.† Such idea also applies in the other story wherein citizens know that the emperor is addicted to changing his clothes every time and tolerates such idea. Commenting on this overlapping situation, it can be argued that no good true idea or scene lasts forever. Every action or situation has their corresponding loopholes that will take its toll in the future. Yes, there are positive benefits of these ideas in the promotion of something important however; there will come a time that such actions and ideas will become weak or vulnerable to different attacks left and right. Such issues have been elaborated by Lewis in his book and at the same time the two scoundrels who took advantage of the emperor’s addiction to clothes.   There must be continuous improvements and changes so as to prevent such things from happening. On the other hand, there seems to be a difference between the two. Since the introduction of the internet, it has become a necessity among individuals. This continuously applies up to now, as societies become more and more connected. The possibility of changes in this area remains to be difficult due to societies continued tolerance and dependency on the internet. The quote of Lewiss clearly shows the how society and individuals are willing to sacrifice and tolerate the status quo for the sake of increased convenience since the introduction of the information boom – the internet. The examples of Lewiss clearly showcase the ‘termites’ he is referring to. The internet had served its purpose of providing sufficient and added information with relative convenience among users. However, the unexpected consequences and subculture it creates often create discrepancies within the core of why it was created after all. These unexpected outcomes, instead of being reprimanded and stopped are being tolerated by society itself on the justification of freedom. It may be the case that people especially the older generations have underestimated the power that the Internet shall create in the future. Yes, the intention and objectives were in-line to the positive aspects. However, the younger generations are using it as a tool to further their cause which most of the time connotes something extraordinary or ‘radical’ in such manner. The most probable solution to such dilemma is creating and digging deep into the very foundations of why it was created in the first place. Then propose solutions that can help the process without compromising convenience brought about by the Internet. To conclude, the Internet and information boom has created several unexpected outcomes that in a way society tolerates. There must a consensus among different groups and societies in combating this issue. The internet was meant to be used in such a way that it will create convenience among individuals. It might be good sticking to that objective and nothing else. Work Cited Yourdon, Ed. ‘Next: the Future Just Happened’ in yourdon.com/personal n.d. accessed February 1, 2008 from ;http://www.yourdon.com/personal/books/gentech/next.html; How to cite Lewiss Next, Essay examples